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Filter)</span><span style="font-family:宋體">是一種安裝在</span></span><a ><span style=";font-family:Calibri;font-size:14px"><span style="font-family:宋體">柴油發(fā)動機(jī)</span></span></a><span style=";font-family:Calibri;font-size:14px"><span style="font-family:宋體">排放系統(tǒng)中的</span></span><a ><span style=";font-family:Calibri;font-size:14px"><span style="font-family:宋體">陶瓷過濾器</span></span></a><span style=";font-family:Calibri;font-size:14px"><span style="font-family:宋體">，它可以在微粒排放物質(zhì)進(jìn)入大氣之前將其捕捉。</span></span></p><p style="text-indent:11px;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph"><span style="font-family: Arial;color: rgb(51, 51, 51);letter-spacing: 0;font-size: 11px;background: rgb(255, 255, 255)"> </span></p><p style="text-indent:14px;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph"><a ><span style=";font-family:Calibri;font-size:14px"><span style="font-family:宋體">柴油發(fā)動機(jī)</span></span></a><span style=";font-family:Calibri;font-size:14px"><span style="font-family:宋體">的污染主要來自三個方面</span>-- <span style="font-family:宋體">微粒排放物質(zhì)、碳?xì)浠衔?/span><span style="font-family:Calibri">(HCx)</span><span style="font-family:宋體">、</span></span><a ><span style=";font-family:Calibri;font-size:14px"><span style="font-family:宋體">氮氧化物</span></span></a><span style=";font-family:Calibri;font-size:14px">(NOx)<span style="font-family:宋體">和硫。其中微粒排放物質(zhì)</span><span style="font-family:Calibri">(</span><span style="font-family:宋體">煙灰</span><span style="font-family:Calibri">)</span><span style="font-family:宋體">大部分是由碳或碳化物的微小顆粒</span><span style="font-family:Calibri">(</span><span style="font-family:宋體">尺寸小于</span><span style="font-family:Calibri">4-20 μ m)</span><span style="font-family:宋體">所組成的。</span></span></p><p style="text-indent:14px;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph"><span style=";font-family:Calibri;font-size:14px"> </span></p><p style="text-indent:14px;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph"><span style=";font-family:Calibri;font-size:14px"><span style="font-family:宋體">顆粒捕捉器能夠減少柴油發(fā)動機(jī)所產(chǎn)生的煙灰達(dá)</span>9 0 % <span style="font-family:宋體">以上。捕捉到的微粒排放物質(zhì)隨后在車輛運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn)過程中燃燒殆盡。它的工作基本原理是</span><span style="font-family:Calibri">: </span><span style="font-family:宋體">如柴油</span></span><a ><span style=";font-family:Calibri;font-size:14px"><span style="font-family:宋體">微粒過濾器</span></span></a><span style=";font-family:Calibri;font-size:14px"><span style="font-family:宋體">噴涂上金屬鉑、銠、鈀，柴油發(fā)動機(jī)排出的含有炭粒的黑煙，通過專門的管道進(jìn)入發(fā)動機(jī)尾氣微粒捕集器，經(jīng)過其內(nèi)部密集設(shè)置的</span></span><a ><span style=";font-family:Calibri;font-size:14px"><span style="font-family:宋體">袋式過濾器</span></span></a><span style=";font-family:Calibri;font-size:14px"><span style="font-family:宋體">，將炭煙微粒吸附在</span></span><a ><span style=";font-family:Calibri;font-size:14px"><span style="font-family:宋體">金屬纖維</span></span></a><span style=";font-family:Calibri;font-size:14px"><span style="font-family:宋體">氈制成的過濾器上</span>; <span style="font-family:宋體">當(dāng)微粒的吸附量達(dá)到一定程度后，尾端的燃燒器自動點(diǎn)火燃燒，將吸附在上面的炭煙微粒燒掉，變成對人體無害的二氧化碳排出。為了做到這一點(diǎn)，捕捉器應(yīng)用了先進(jìn)的電控系統(tǒng)、催化涂層和燃料添加型催化劑</span><span style="font-family:Calibri">(FBC)</span><span style="font-family:宋體">。這種燃料添加型催化劑包含諸如鈰、鐵和鉑等金屬。這些材料按比例加入到燃料中，在發(fā)動機(jī)控制系統(tǒng)的幫助下不僅控制微粒排放物質(zhì)的數(shù)量，而且還控制碳?xì)浠衔锖臀廴練怏w等污染物的排放量。捕捉器的再生或凈化功能必須在可控的基礎(chǔ)上完成，以保持捕捉器不被煙灰堵塞。在凈化周期結(jié)束以后，任何殘留灰塵或濾渣最終都將在日常維護(hù)中被人為地清除。</span></span></p><p style="text-indent:14px;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph"><span style=";font-family:宋體;font-size:14px"> </span></p><p style="text-indent:14px;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph"><span style=";font-family:Calibri;font-size:14px"><span style="font-family:宋體">柴油顆粒捕捉器可以有效地減少微粒物的排放</span>,<span style="font-family:宋體">它先捕集廢氣中的微粒物</span><span style="font-family:Calibri">,</span><span style="font-family:宋體">然后再對捕集的微粒進(jìn)行氧化</span><span style="font-family:Calibri">,</span><span style="font-family:宋體">使顆粒捕捉器再生。所謂過濾器的再生是指在</span><span style="font-family:Calibri">DPF</span><span style="font-family:宋體">長期工作中</span><span style="font-family:Calibri">,</span><span style="font-family:宋體">捕捉器里的顆粒物逐漸增加會引起發(fā)動機(jī)背壓升高</span><span style="font-family:Calibri">,</span><span style="font-family:宋體">導(dǎo)致發(fā)動機(jī)性能下降</span><span style="font-family:Calibri">,</span><span style="font-family:宋體">所以要定期除去沉積的顆粒物</span><span style="font-family:Calibri">,</span><span style="font-family:宋體">恢復(fù)</span><span style="font-family:Calibri">DPF</span><span style="font-family:宋體">的過濾性能。捕捉器的再生有主動再生和被動再生兩種方法</span><span style="font-family:Calibri">:</span><span style="font-family:宋體">主動再生指的是利用外界能量來提高捕捉器內(nèi)的溫度</span><span style="font-family:Calibri">,</span><span style="font-family:宋體">使微粒著火燃燒。當(dāng)捕捉器中的溫度達(dá)到</span><span style="font-family:Calibri">550℃</span><span style="font-family:宋體">時</span><span style="font-family:Calibri">,</span><span style="font-family:宋體">沉積的顆粒物就會氧化燃燒</span><span style="font-family:Calibri">,</span><span style="font-family:宋體">如果溫度達(dá)不到</span><span style="font-family:Calibri">550 ℃,</span><span style="font-family:宋體">過多的沉積物就會堵塞捕捉器</span><span style="font-family:Calibri">,</span><span style="font-family:宋體">這時就需要利用外加能源</span><span style="font-family:Calibri">(</span><span style="font-family:宋體">例如電加熱器</span><span style="font-family:Calibri">,</span></span><a ><span style=";font-family:Calibri;font-size:14px"><span style="font-family:宋體">燃燒器</span></span></a><span style=";font-family:Calibri;font-size:14px"><span style="font-family:宋體">或發(fā)動機(jī)操作條件的改變</span>)<span style="font-family:宋體">來提高</span><span style="font-family:Calibri">DPF</span><span style="font-family:宋體">內(nèi)的溫度</span><span style="font-family:Calibri">,</span><span style="font-family:宋體">使顆粒物氧化燃燒。被動再生指的是利用</span></span><a ><span style=";font-family:Calibri;font-size:14px"><span style="font-family:宋體">燃油添加劑</span></span></a><span style=";font-family:Calibri;font-size:14px"><span style="font-family:宋體">或者催化劑來降低微粒的</span></span><a ><span style=";font-family:Calibri;font-size:14px"><span style="font-family:宋體">著火溫度</span></span></a><span style=";font-family:Calibri;font-size:14px">,<span style="font-family:宋體">使微粒能在正常的柴油機(jī)排氣溫度下著火燃燒。添加劑</span><span style="font-family:Calibri">(</span><span style="font-family:宋體">有鈰</span><span style="font-family:Calibri">,</span><span style="font-family:宋體">鐵和鍶</span><span style="font-family:Calibri">)</span><span style="font-family:宋體">要以一定的比例加到燃油中</span><span style="font-family:Calibri">,</span><span style="font-family:宋體">添加劑過多會影響</span><span style="font-family:Calibri">DOC</span><span style="font-family:宋體">的壽命</span><span style="font-family:Calibri">,</span><span style="font-family:宋體">但是如果過少</span><span style="font-family:Calibri">,</span><span style="font-family:宋體">就會導(dǎo)致再生延遲或再生溫度升高。</span></span></p><p 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